BhaktiLoopChhath Puja
A major Hindu festival dedicated to Surya Dev (the Sun God) and Chhathi Maiya (an ancient Vedic Goddess, often identified with Usha, the dawn goddess, or Prakriti, nature). It is observed to thank the Sun God for sustaining life on Earth and bestowing health, wealth, and prosperity. Devotees also observe fasts for the well-being of their family, especially for the longevity and success of their children.
Key Rituals & Practices
Nahay Khay (Day 1): Devotees take a holy bath, clean their homes, and prepare specific vegetarian meals (e.g., pumpkin and rice).
Kharna (Day 2): Devotees observe a full-day fast, breaking it only after sunset with a meal of Kheer (rice pudding) and roti/puri, often cooked on a mud stove.
Sandhya Arghya (Day 3): The main day. Devotees, especially women, observe a Nirjala (waterless) fast. They go to the banks of a river or a large water body to offer Arghya (offerings) to the setting sun. Special Prasad (offerings) like Thekua, fruits, and sweets are prepared.
Usha Arghya (Day 4): Devotees gather at the riverside before sunrise to offer Arghya to the rising sun, marking the conclusion of the Puja and fast. Prasad is distributed.
Strict purity and hygiene are maintained throughout the four days.
Vrata (Fasting) by women (and sometimes men) for the well-being of family and children.
Associated Deities
Hindu Calendar Details
Hindu Month
Kartik
Paksha
Shukla Paksha
Tithi
Shashthi (6th day of the bright fortnight)
Regional Relevance & Variations
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Historical & Mythological Context
The origins of Chhath Puja are ancient, believed to be rooted in the Vedic period. It finds mention in ancient texts like the Rigveda. Legend states that the Rishis (sages) of ancient India used to perform this fast to gain energy and wisdom from the Sun. It is also associated with: - Karna, the son of Surya Dev in the Mahabharata, who is said to have performed Chhath Puja. - Sita, wife of Lord Rama, who is believed to have performed Chhath Puja upon returning to Ayodhya after her exile.
Alternative Names
Gregorian Date
Varies annually (typically in October or November, 6th day after Diwali)